Overuse of antibiotics and the developement of resistant bacterial Research Paper

Overuse of antibiotics and the developement of resistant bacterial strains - Research Paper Example It seems that boundaries and distances have been shattered through these advancements in communications technology. Wars can even be fought in the same way that video games are played with the advent of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) technology. Likewise, non-invasive and minimal invasive surgeries have also been made available wherein tumors are blasted with lasers or proton beams in order for them to be removed. Aside from doing away with open surgery, it also provides a more accurate targeting of the mass or tumor that needs to be removed (Massachusetts General Hospital 2010). Thus, there is less danger on the patient and recovery is of course faster as there is no major wound that needs to be healed. Patients can do away with stitches and the scars that accompany such a procedure. Indeed, Charles Darwin would have lauded the capability of the human species to survive and adapt. However, it is not only humans that can exhibit supremacy in survival and adaptation. Overuse of Antibio tics and the Development of Bacterial Strains Through these various improvements by the human race which have included leaps and bounds in medicine, it seems like the most minute organisms have been able to stay a step ahead or move clear of possible elimination from the food chain. Beyond the increased medical capabilities and modern healthcare management systems, viral and bacterial infections continue to be among the top downers of the human race. In fact, there has been no cure for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV which eventually morphs into the killer Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS. Despite the technological advances from the last decade, a cure for this dreaded disease that comes from the late century has yet to be found, cultured or developed (Mamo et al 269). AIDS walked out of the closet in the early 80’s and by 1983, it was identified that the cause of the disease was HIV. It did not take long for the killer to become known globally and this has effectively grown into pandemic proportions infecting over 60 million people worldwide. Despite the time and money devoted to researches, a cure for this infection continues to elude medical scientists hence, posing a hanging threat to the populace. Currently though, the possibility of a cure through nanotechnology is being explored though a prospect for an effective cure seem to remain beyond the horizon. Well, for now, that may be too much to ask but the common cold also has no cure. This has been around for very long though, even before these technological advantages have ever been imagined by man. Likewise, bacterial strains have also been busy on the evolution department making many antibiotics obsolete and useless. This poses a serious threat since these microbes multiply swiftly and some have a respectable kill rate. New strains are evolving into super bugs that may eventually render even the most potent antibiotics useless. Taking a big chunk of the attention of medical scie ntists is the Acinetobacter baumannii. This bacterial strain has been found to have been capable of effectively guarding itself against even the most potent antibiotic (Peleg et al 538). This may pose another threat as the bacterial strain seems to fancy weak patients in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit). Thus, medical practitioners are trying to combat these bacteria which caused pneumonia can easily kill the weak ICU patients. A group of pharmacists tried treating

Production of EPA by the Diatom Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Production of EPA by the Diatom - Coursework Example The experiment will use the diatom, Nitzschialaevis. Treatments to be used in experiment PI metal solution (Cepà ¡k, PÃ…â„¢ibyl, Kohoutkovà ¡, & KaÃ… ¡tà ¡nek, 2014).   The source of variation in experiment one is the treatment (PI solutions) used in the experiment. A PI solution of 4.5m/L and 3.5m/L used in the experiment will yield different yields in EPA. The treatment used in the experiment will account for the variation in the experiment.   From table 1.1 EPA 13.5ml/l had the highest EPA yield (mean = 219.5) compared to EPA 4.5 (mean=217.2). It implies that PI of the concentration of 13.5ml/l had a higher EPA yield. There was a big disparity yield of PI EPA 13.5ml\l (standard deviation =5.396) compared to EPA 4.5ml/l (standard deviation =3.821) this implies that yield of 13.5 PI was less spread compared to yield in 4.5 PI, which was more spread. It could be assumed to the way the experiment was handled; the time was taken to record the yield in the two experiments. The data of the two experiments were the same, most of the data points were to the left of the mean (skewness, -0.238, and 0.0377). However, the yield of 13.5ml/l was more skewed compared to the yield of 4.5ml/l.   Data of the treatment 4.5ml/l was more reliable to make inferences and conclusions (cv =1.759), compared to data of treatment 13.5ml/l (cv=2.464) which was less reliable to make a justification for the claim.   From the summary statistics, the yield of the two treatments was different this implies that level of PI concentration had a different effect on the diatom Nitzschialaevis (UTEX 2047). Metal PI was therefore important since different concentration yield different results.   Non-parametric test to be used is a chi-square while a parametric test to be used is a t-test. A chi-square test tests for the independence of the samples while a t-test test for the difference on the means of the two samples.   

The strength of Ammonia Double Essay Example for Free

The strength of Ammonia Double Essay In this investigation I am trying to find out if doubling the strength of ammonia doubles the rate of its diffusion. There are a few factors that may have an effect on the results of this investigation. For example, the size of the test tube, the distances between each piece of litmus paper and the amount of ammonia on the wool. The longer or wider the test tube the more time it will take for the ammonia molecules to diffuse along the tube which would increase the time on the results table. A similar principle would apply to the distance between litmus papers. The ammonia is most likely to reach the litmus paper closest to it first and then to the second as it will take more time for the ammonia molecules to diffuse across the tube. Also each time the ammonia is applied to the wool it must be the same amount for every test carried out, otherwise the test would be unfair. This is because the amount of ammonia affects the speed at which the molecules travel. If too much ammonia is applied then the molecules would move faster along the tube, but if there is less ammonia the molecules would move slowly down the tube. Three additional things that affect the rate of diffusion of the ammonia include molecular size, temperature and the concentration of the ammonia. My investigation is aimed at discovering the effects of doubling the strength (concentration) of ammonia on the rate of diffusion. I think increasing the concentration of ammonia will decrease the amount of time it will take for the litmus paper to turn blue i. e. diffusion will be faster. However, decreasing the concentration of ammonia will increase the amount of time it will take for the litmus paper to turn blue i.e. diffusion will be slower. Doubling the strength of ammonia could have an effect on the rate of diffusion because it doubles the number of molecules, which collide more. Consequently, the particles in a gas will spread out and thus have greater space to move around more quickly and easily. This is how ammonia particles will look in the form of a gas as they collide and spread: To make this investigation a fair test, I am going to space out the litmus papers but not too far apart and evenly spread out each of the seven litmus papers I intend to use. I will also use the same volume of ammonia to make it a fair test each time. The concentration will, however, gradually be doubled. I will start with 0. 5% double it to 1%, 2% and finally 4%. To carry out this experiment using a stopwatch to measure how long it takes for each red litmus paper to turn blue. I will take 1 reading every time a litmus paper changes colour, which will result in 7 readings for every test. Then I will obtain the results taken by two other people in my team and average them out by adding the results up and dividing by 3. This will give me a reliable answer as to how long it took for each of the seven litmus papers to turn from red to blue. So the number of tests to be performed in total is 3 and so by multiplying 3 with 7 will equal 21 results being taken from 21 litmus papers changing colour. These results will be taken in seconds but I shall convert any that are given in minutes by the stopwatch, into seconds. OBTAINING EVIDENCE The table below show my results: The Concentration Of Ammonia Litmus paper no  To perform this experiment safely it was necessary that we wore goggles and used tongs to pick up the cotton wool that had ammonia on it. ANALYSING RESULTS/DRAW CONCLUSION I have drawn a graph on a piece of graph paper to show the pattern in my results. The pattern shows that as you double the concentration of ammonia, the quicker it takes to change colour from red to blue. This is because, as I had predicted, increasing the concentration also increases the number of molecules, which collide more. Consequently, the ammonia molecules spread out to make greater space to move around more quickly and easily. EVALUATING. The experiment appears to have been successful as I acted according to my plans and achieved the results I had expected. My results could be improved by carrying out the tests a few more times, in order to achieve more accurate results. I can conclude from my results that doubling the strength of ammonia doubles the rate of its diffusion. A pattern in my results also showed that a as you double the concentration of ammonia, the average time is twice as less. However, this pattern was not apparent when I increased the concentration of ammonia from 0. 5% to 1%. On that occasion it seems that the time had reduced by more than just a half. The reduction in time was usually approximately by half, but by drawing a line of best fit through my graph, it can be said that doubling the concentration of ammonia does double the rate of diffusion. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one? .

Personal Narrative- Varsity Volleyball Essay -- Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- Varsity Volleyball I first started playing volleyball at a very young age. I was in the seventh grade when my volleyball career started. My sister started playing in the seventh grade and I just wanted to follow her footsteps. My seventh grade year was ok because I had just started out and really didn’t know the game. There was A team and a B team, where A team was better than the B team. I tried my best to be on the A-team, but guess where I ended up, on the B team. No matter what team I was on I never gave up. I was so determined that my eight-grade year was going to be different. Sure enough, I ended up on the A-team in the eight-grade. I thought that was the most wonderful thing in the world; I though all wrong. I did nothing but ride the bench. I hardly e...

Haighs Chocolates Marketing Plan Brief Essay

Haigh’s Chocolate is a family owned Australia chocolatier based in Adelaide SA. They specialize in handmade and single origin chocolates from Australia and around the world. The business is the oldest family owned chocolate maker in Australia and looking to increase awareness interstate and also around the world. Therefore, you are being called in as a consultant to develop new marketing opportunities to expand the brand. You are now employed as a team of 3 – 4 (max.) marketing consultants to help design a Marketing Plan for them. However you will need to firstly understand the brand by performing a SWOT analysis and then designing the Marketing Mix (4P’s). Lastly, it is very important that you are able to foresee or predict potential problems you might have with making or launching the product. As a team, you are required to pitch your marketing plan to your class. Haigh’s Chocolate is looking for a creative, practical and fun marketing strategy! Objectives of the Marketing Plan: 1) To build awareness for Haigh’s Chocolate 2) To increase brand recognition for Haigh’s Chocolate The brief There are many occasions, celebrations and festivals in a year. Some of them are celebrated with chocolates! Your consulting firm is given the task of creating a product, or packaging its current range of products into a product especially for an occasion of your choice. For example, for Valentine’s Day you may create a bouquet of Haigh’s chocolate roses, or a World Food Day chocolate where proceeds go to a non-profit organization or to theme the chocolates with a local festival! Your team can decide on the product strategy by looking at the various marketing theories taught this semester. The challenge is to think outside the box and create a product that is feasible for the brand! Your report MUST also entail a product (chocolate) design and a poster. You can use external images, or use software (e.g. Photoshop or Illustrator) to design your product. I you should choose to, you can also bring a prototype to your class for presentation. For more information about Haigh’s Chocolate, visit http://www.haigh’schocolate.com.au/ Word count: 2500 – 3000 (+/- 10%) words Mandatory 1) Application of theory: You will need to apply marketing theories for this assignment. You can refer to your textbook to help you to write the Marketing Plan. For specific guides on writing the marketing plan please refer to Chapter 2 of your textbook. 2) Presentation: You are required to present your Marketing Plan within your tutorial class to gauge feedback from your tutor and peers. This will help you to refine your plan for the written report. 3) Template: A report template has been provided on Moodle for this assignment. You will need to follow the template and discuss your marketing plan accordingly. However, if you need to add additional information, you can put it in Appendix. Do download and use accordingly. 4) Referencing: You are expected to refer to external resources for theories, ideas or current trends. However, you will need to apply theories to your statements/claims. These will need to be justified and supported by theory. Therefore, you will NEED to have at least 5 academic references for this assignment. Textbooks are not considered an academic reference, and it is expected that you would refer to it. You will need to reference it if you use your textbook. You should use resources from databases such as ProQuest, Emerald, Science Direct, and so on. 5) Formatting: 12pt, 1.5 spacing. Appendix. Optional 1) Appendix: You may choose to include an Appendix section. However it is not mandatory. Submission You will need to submit a HARDCOPY to your tutor via your tutor’s pigeon hole. A softcopy MUST be submitted via Moodle Deadline Penalties apply for late submissions (10% per day).

Identification Of Agency Brighton Recovery Center For Women

†¢ Identification of agency Brighton Recovery Center for Women, located in Florence, KY is one of the fifteen recovery centers for women that serve only females affected with addiction. Their main focus is to assist low-income women to recover from addiction (drugs and alcohol) and return back to normal life and possibly reunite with their children †¢ Rationale for agency I chose this agency based on my willingness to learn about the recovery options for those who are affected by drugs and alcohol addiction as alcohol and drug addiction are not only Kentucky’s but also national epidemic †¢ How did the agency come into being; how is funded Brighton Center has 50 years history of serving our communities and assisting individuals from their infancy through the adulthood and senior ages. Early childhood education, employment and workforce services, financial assistance, emergency housing are just a few services that Brighton Centers are providing to the individuals in need. To be more specific, Brighton Recovery Center for Women provides long-term residential treatment for women only who are affected by addiction and are low-income. Since majority of the residents were incarcerated prior to moving in the facility, Department of Correction finance about 60%. In addition to that, Department of Health (due to trauma) assist financially as well. The rest of finance comes from donations, VA Grant, and Kentucky Housing Corporation, as all resident have to apply for the Section 8 inShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesto some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s ScienceRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesany form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks

Western Feminism - The Cancer - 4168 Words

Western Feminism – The Cancer in Our Society. -- there is no Tl;Dr. Don t bother asking for one. Now before you all turn your eyes away and think I’m an oppressing, patriarchal, misogynistic, cock gobbling, women hating asshole, keep your eyes on the page and let me express my opinion in 4000 words. I’m not gay. The idea of equality for everyone is a noble one. Equality for race and gender, specifically, have been fought for for over a century. This simple idea of being able to live the way you want to without any constraints put on you just like any other person is a dream that we all know oh so well. The feminists on the other side of the world that are still fighting for their basic rights have my full and undivided support! But the idea of gender equality being driven here is fundamentally different than say race equality. The women here want complete and total equality, which is to say that everything we get, they get. But gender equality isn’t as easy to achieve as race equality. While the culture behind different races are different, many other factors stay mainly the same, which is why race equality was fought so hard for. This is much different with the two genders, however. Inherently, males and females have little to no commonality. 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